Oak bowl end grain turned then scorched. One area of soft spring growth caught and was burnt away as the bowl moved from round to elliptical under the blowtorch while tension cracks appeared at the rim. The tension cracks will not extend as they are formed by rapid tension release and timber shrinkage under blowtorching. The splits have been secured by copper binding for aesthetic effect and consumer confidence and not for structural stability. Note this piece is functional but delicate.